"kresy" meaning in All languages combined

See kresy on Wiktionary

Noun [Polish]

IPA: /ˈkrɛ.sɘ/
Rhymes: -ɛsɘ Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gred-der. Proto-Germanic *kraitaz Old High German kreiz Middle High German kreizbor. Middle Low German krēsbor. Old Polish kres Polish kres Proto-Indo-European *ís Proto-Balto-Slavic *is Proto-Slavic *jь Old Polish -y Polish -y Polish kresy From kres + -y. Etymology templates: {{ety|pl|:af|kres|-y|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gred-der. Proto-Germanic *kraitaz Old High German kreiz Middle High German kreizbor. Middle Low German krēsbor. Old Polish kres Polish kres Proto-Indo-European *ís Proto-Balto-Slavic *is Proto-Slavic *jь Old Polish -y Polish -y Polish kresy [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*gred-", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*kraitaz", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old High German", "term" : "kreiz", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "goh" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle High German", "term" : "kreiz", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "gmh" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle Low German", "term" : "krēs", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "gml" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "kres", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "kres", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectival", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "determiner", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "determiner", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "demonstrative", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*ís", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*is", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*jь", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-y", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "-y", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "kresy", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }" data-lang="pl" data-title="kresy"> From kres + -y. Head templates: {{pl-noun|nv-p|adj=kresowy}} kresy nvir pl (related adjective kresowy) Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-m-in|lemma=kres|tantum=p}} Forms: kresowy [adjective], no-table-tags [table-tags], kresy [nominative, plural], kresów [genitive, plural], kresom [dative, plural], kresy [accusative, plural], kresami [instrumental, plural], kresach [locative, plural], kresy [plural, vocative]
  1. (historical, chiefly of the eastern borders of Poland) borderland, frontier Tags: historical, nonvirile, plural Categories (place): Places, Places in Poland Derived forms: Kresy Wschodnie [noun] Related terms: kresowizm [noun], kresowość [noun]
    Sense id: en-kresy-pl-noun-mJ1PiaA7 Disambiguation of Places: 83 5 6 5 Disambiguation of Places in Poland: 85 5 6 5 Categories (other): Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Polish entries with etymology texts, Polish entries with etymology trees, Polish entries with etymon, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks, Polish pluralia tantum, Polish terms suffixed with -y, History of Poland Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 68 10 12 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 83 5 6 5 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 85 5 6 5 Disambiguation of Polish entries with etymon: 77 7 8 7 Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 71 9 9 11 Disambiguation of History of Poland: 97 0 3 0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun [Polish]

IPA: /ˈkrɛ.sɘ/
Rhymes: -ɛsɘ Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{ety|pl|nl=1}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|pl|noun form|g=m-in}} kresy m inan
  1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of kres Tags: accusative, form-of, inanimate, masculine, nominative, plural, vocative Form of: kres
    Sense id: en-kresy-pl-noun-VbfcYmFW
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun [Polish]

IPA: /ˈkrɛ.sɘ/
Rhymes: -ɛsɘ Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{ety|pl|nl=1}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|pl|noun form|g=f}} kresy f
  1. inflection of kresa:
    genitive singular
    Tags: feminine, form-of, genitive, singular Form of: kresa
    Sense id: en-kresy-pl-noun-o7ebmjzK
  2. inflection of kresa:
    nominative/accusative/vocative plural
    Tags: accusative, feminine, form-of, nominative, plural, vocative Form of: kresa
    Sense id: en-kresy-pl-noun-~mhKThdh
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "kres",
        "4": "-y",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gred-der.\nProto-Germanic *kraitaz\nOld High German kreiz\nMiddle High German kreizbor.\nMiddle Low German krēsbor.\nOld Polish kres\nPolish kres\nProto-Indo-European *ís\nProto-Balto-Slavic *is\nProto-Slavic *jь\nOld Polish -y\nPolish -y\nPolish kresy\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gred-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kraitaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old High German\", \"term\" : \"kreiz\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"goh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"kreiz\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Low German\", \"term\" : \"krēs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gml\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"kres\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"kres\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"determiner\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"determiner\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"demonstrative\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ís\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*is\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*jь\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"kresy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"kresy\">\nFrom kres + -y.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gred-der.\nProto-Germanic *kraitaz\nOld High German kreiz\nMiddle High German kreizbor.\nMiddle Low German krēsbor.\nOld Polish kres\nPolish kres\nProto-Indo-European *ís\nProto-Balto-Slavic *is\nProto-Slavic *jь\nOld Polish -y\nPolish -y\nPolish kresy\nFrom kres + -y.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kresowy",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kresy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kresów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kresom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kresy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kresami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kresach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kresy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nv-p",
        "adj": "kresowy"
      },
      "expansion": "kresy nvir pl (related adjective kresowy)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "kre‧sy"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "kre‧sy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "lemma": "kres",
        "tantum": "p"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "68 10 12 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 5 6 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 5 6 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "77 7 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 9 9 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish pluralia tantum",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "97 0 3 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "History of Poland",
          "orig": "pl:History of Poland",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 5 6 5",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Places",
          "orig": "pl:Places",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 5 6 5",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Places in Poland",
          "orig": "pl:Places in Poland",
          "parents": [
            "Places"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "Kresy Wschodnie"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "borderland, frontier"
      ],
      "id": "en-kresy-pl-noun-mJ1PiaA7",
      "links": [
        [
          "borderland",
          "borderland"
        ],
        [
          "frontier",
          "frontier"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical, chiefly of the eastern borders of Poland) borderland, frontier"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of the eastern borders of Poland"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "kresowizm"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "kresowość"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkrɛ.sɘ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛsɘ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Kresy"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kresy"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "nl": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "m-in"
      },
      "expansion": "kresy m inan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "kre‧sy"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "kre‧sy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "kres"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nominative/accusative/vocative plural of kres"
      ],
      "id": "en-kresy-pl-noun-VbfcYmFW",
      "links": [
        [
          "kres",
          "kres#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "form-of",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkrɛ.sɘ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛsɘ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Kresy"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kresy"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "3",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "nl": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "kresy f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "kre‧sy"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "kre‧sy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "kresa"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of kresa:",
        "genitive singular"
      ],
      "id": "en-kresy-pl-noun-o7ebmjzK",
      "links": [
        [
          "kresa",
          "kresa#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "kresa"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of kresa:",
        "nominative/accusative/vocative plural"
      ],
      "id": "en-kresy-pl-noun-~mhKThdh",
      "links": [
        [
          "kresa",
          "kresa#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkrɛ.sɘ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛsɘ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Kresy"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kresy"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with etymology texts",
    "Polish entries with etymology trees",
    "Polish entries with etymon",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish links with manual fragments",
    "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Polish non-lemma forms",
    "Polish nonvirile nouns",
    "Polish noun forms",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish pluralia tantum",
    "Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ís",
    "Polish terms suffixed with -y",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with homophones",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛsɘ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛsɘ/2 syllables",
    "pl:History of Poland",
    "pl:Places",
    "pl:Places in Poland"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "Kresy Wschodnie"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "kres",
        "4": "-y",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gred-der.\nProto-Germanic *kraitaz\nOld High German kreiz\nMiddle High German kreizbor.\nMiddle Low German krēsbor.\nOld Polish kres\nPolish kres\nProto-Indo-European *ís\nProto-Balto-Slavic *is\nProto-Slavic *jь\nOld Polish -y\nPolish -y\nPolish kresy\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gred-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kraitaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old High German\", \"term\" : \"kreiz\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"goh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"kreiz\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Low German\", \"term\" : \"krēs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gml\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"kres\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"kres\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"determiner\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"determiner\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"demonstrative\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ís\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*is\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*jь\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"kresy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"kresy\">\nFrom kres + -y.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gred-der.\nProto-Germanic *kraitaz\nOld High German kreiz\nMiddle High German kreizbor.\nMiddle Low German krēsbor.\nOld Polish kres\nPolish kres\nProto-Indo-European *ís\nProto-Balto-Slavic *is\nProto-Slavic *jь\nOld Polish -y\nPolish -y\nPolish kresy\nFrom kres + -y.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kresowy",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kresy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kresów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kresom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kresy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kresami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kresach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kresy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nv-p",
        "adj": "kresowy"
      },
      "expansion": "kresy nvir pl (related adjective kresowy)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "kre‧sy"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "kre‧sy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "lemma": "kres",
        "tantum": "p"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "kresowizm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "kresowość"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "borderland, frontier"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "borderland",
          "borderland"
        ],
        [
          "frontier",
          "frontier"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical, chiefly of the eastern borders of Poland) borderland, frontier"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of the eastern borders of Poland"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkrɛ.sɘ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛsɘ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Kresy"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kresy"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with etymon",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish non-lemma forms",
    "Polish noun forms",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with homophones",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛsɘ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛsɘ/2 syllables",
    "pl:History of Poland",
    "pl:Places",
    "pl:Places in Poland"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "nl": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "m-in"
      },
      "expansion": "kresy m inan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "kre‧sy"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "kre‧sy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "kres"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nominative/accusative/vocative plural of kres"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kres",
          "kres#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "form-of",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkrɛ.sɘ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛsɘ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Kresy"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kresy"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with etymon",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish non-lemma forms",
    "Polish noun forms",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with homophones",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛsɘ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛsɘ/2 syllables",
    "pl:History of Poland",
    "pl:Places",
    "pl:Places in Poland"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "3",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "nl": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "kresy f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "kre‧sy"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "kre‧sy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "kresa"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of kresa:",
        "genitive singular"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kresa",
          "kresa#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "kresa"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of kresa:",
        "nominative/accusative/vocative plural"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kresa",
          "kresa#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkrɛ.sɘ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛsɘ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Kresy"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kresy"
}

Download raw JSONL data for kresy meaning in All languages combined (8.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.